2 Samuel 2:12

Authorized King James Version

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And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֵּצֵא֙ went out H3318
וַיֵּצֵא֙ went out
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 1 of 11
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
אַבְנֵ֣ר And Abner H74
אַבְנֵ֣ר And Abner
Strong's: H74
Word #: 2 of 11
abner, an israelite
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 3 of 11
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
נֵ֔ר of Ner H5369
נֵ֔ר of Ner
Strong's: H5369
Word #: 4 of 11
ner, an israelite
וְעַבְדֵ֖י and the servants H5650
וְעַבְדֵ֖י and the servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 5 of 11
a servant
אִֽישׁ H0
אִֽישׁ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 6 of 11
בֹּ֣שֶׁת of Ishbosheth H378
בֹּ֣שֶׁת of Ishbosheth
Strong's: H378
Word #: 7 of 11
ish-bosheth, a son of king saul
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 8 of 11
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
שָׁא֑וּל of Saul H7586
שָׁא֑וּל of Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 9 of 11
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
מִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם from Mahanaim H4266
מִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם from Mahanaim
Strong's: H4266
Word #: 10 of 11
machanajim, a place in palestine
גִּבְעֽוֹנָה׃ to Gibeon H1391
גִּבְעֽוֹנָה׃ to Gibeon
Strong's: H1391
Word #: 11 of 11
gibon, a place in palestine

Analysis & Commentary

And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew vayyimloch (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year period before ruling all Israel demonstrates patient trust in God's timing. Theological themes include divine election, the gradual unfolding of God's promises through historical process, and the reality that human resistance to God's plans produces genuine suffering.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 2 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding divine timing, patience in promises provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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